濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)是一種具有(you)(you)良好(hao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)，紙(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)疏松，對(dui)液(ye)體有(you)(you)強烈的(de)吸收性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。分析(xi)(xi)(xi)實驗室常(chang)用濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)為(wei)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)介質(zhi)，使溶(rong)液(ye)與(yu)固體分離(li)。目前(qian)我國生(sheng)產的(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)主要有(you)(you)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)和層析(xi)(xi)(xi)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)三類。定(ding)(ding)量(liang)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)和定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)這兩(liang)個概念都是纖維素濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)才有(you)(you)的(de)，不適(shi)用于其它(ta)類型(xing)的(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)玻璃微纖維濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)。定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)用于定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)化學分析(xi)(xi)(xi)和相應(ying)的(de)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)分離(li)。定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)一般用于過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)溶(rong)液(ye)，做氯化物、硫酸鹽等(deng)不需(xu)要計算數值的(de)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)試驗;而(er)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)是用于精密(mi)計算數值的(de)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，如(ru)測定(ding)(ding)殘渣、不溶(rong)物等(deng)，一般定(ding)(ding)量(liang)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)后，還需(xu)進入高溫爐作(zuo)處(chu)理。
1.定量分析(xi)濾(lv)紙(zhi)定量分析(xi)濾(lv)紙(zhi)在制(zhi)造過(guo)程(cheng)中，紙(zhi)漿經(jing)過(guo)鹽酸(suan)和(he)(he)氫氟(fu)酸(suan)處理，并經(jing)過(guo)蒸餾(liu)水(shui)洗滌，將(jiang)紙(zhi)纖(xian)維中大(da)部分雜質(zhi)除(chu)去，所以(yi)灼燒后殘留灰(hui)分很少，對分析(xi)結(jie)果(guo)幾乎不產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)影(ying)響，適于作精密定量分析(xi)。目前國內生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)定量分析(xi)濾(lv)紙(zhi)，分快(kuai)速(su)、中速(su)、慢速(su)三類，在濾(lv)紙(zhi)盒(he)上分別用白色帶(dai)(dai)(快(kuai)速(su))、藍色帶(dai)(dai)(中速(su))、紅(hong)帶(dai)(dai)(慢速(su))為標志(zhi)分類。濾(lv)紙(zhi)的(de)外形有圓(yuan)形和(he)(he)方形兩(liang)種，圓(yuan)形定紙(zhi)的(de)規格按(an)直徑分有d9cm、dllcm、d12.5cm、d15cm和(he)(he)d18cm數種。方形定量濾(lv)紙(zhi)的(de)有60cm×60cm和(he)(he)30cm×30cm。
2.定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)一般(ban)殘留(liu)灰分(fen)(fen)較多，僅供一般(ban)的定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)和(he)用(yong)于過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)沉淀或溶液(ye)中懸(xuan)用(yong)，不能用(yong)于質量分(fen)(fen)析(xi)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)的類型和(he)規格與定(ding)(ding)(ding)量分(fen)(fen)析(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)基本相同，表示快(kuai)速(su)(su)、中速(su)(su)和(he)慢(man)速(su)(su)，而是印(yin)上(shang)快(kuai)速(su)(su)、中速(su)(su)、慢(man)速(su)(su)字樣。不過(guo)，在裝(zhuang)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)的盒上(shang)沒有說明(ming)使用(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)量和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)沉淀時應(ying)注意：
①一般采用自(zi)然過(guo)濾，利用濾紙體(ti)和(he)截留固體(ti)微(wei)粒的(de)能力，使(shi)液(ye)體(ti)和(he)固體(ti)分離;
②由于濾(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)的(de)機械強(qiang)度和韌性都較(jiao)小(xiao)，盡量(liang)少用抽濾(lv)(lv)的(de)辦法過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)，如(ru)必須加快過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)速度，為防止穿濾(lv)(lv)而(er)導致(zhi)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)失敗，在(zai)氣泵過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)時，可根(gen)據抽力大小(xiao)在(zai)漏(lou)斗(dou)中疊放2～3層(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)，在(zai)用真空抽濾(lv)(lv)時，在(zai)漏(lou)斗(dou)先(xian)墊一層(ceng)致(zhi)密濾(lv)(lv)布，上(shang)面再放濾(lv)(lv)紙(zhi)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv);
③濾(lv)紙最(zui)好不要過濾(lv)熱的濃(nong)硫酸或硝酸溶液(ye);
3.層(ceng)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主要是(shi)(shi)在(zai)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色譜分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)擔體，進行待測物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離層(ceng)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有1號和(he)3號兩種(zhong)，每種(zhong)又分(fen)(fen)(fen)為快速(su)、中(zhong)速(su)和(he)慢速(su)三(san)種(zhong)。另(ling)外：定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)：定(ding)(ding)性(xing)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)化(hua)(hua)學分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)相應的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離;定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)化(hua)(hua)學分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)法(fa)(fa)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)試驗(yan)和(he)相應的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)試驗(yan)。 定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)主要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)后需要灰(hui)化(hua)(hua)稱量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)實驗(yan)，其每張(zhang)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灰(hui)化(hua)(hua)后的(de)(de)(de)灰(hui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)個定(ding)(ding)值(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)性(xing)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)般過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)主要在(zai)于(yu)(yu)灰(hui)化(hua)(hua)后產生灰(hui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。定(ding)(ding)性(xing)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不超過(guo)(guo)0.13%，定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不超過(guo)(guo)等于(yu)(yu)0.0009%。 無灰(hui)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)它(ta)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其灰(hui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)小于(yu)(yu)0.1mg,這(zhe)個重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)天平上可忽略不計。注意定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)兩個概念都是(shi)(shi)纖維素(su)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才有的(de)(de)(de)，不適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)其它(ta)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)玻璃(li)微纖維濾(lv)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)
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